Bladder Cancer Treatment: Surgical & Non-Surgical Options with Dr. Puskar Shyam Chowdhury

Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with early detection playing a crucial role in improving outcomes. Treatment options for bladder cancer vary depending on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and the type of bladder cancer. In this blog, we will explore the various surgical and non-surgical treatment options available, as explained by Dr. Puskar Shyam Chowdhury, a renowned expert in the field.

Surgical Treatment for Bladder Cancer

When it comes to treating bladder cancer, surgery often plays a central role, especially in cases where the cancer is confined to the bladder. There are different surgical approaches based on the severity of the cancer and its stage.

1. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)

For early-stage bladder cancer, TURBT is a commonly performed surgery. This procedure involves using a cystoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera and surgical tools) to remove the tumor from the bladder. It is performed through the urethra, which eliminates the need for any external incisions. TURBT is often used for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and can help with both diagnosis and treatment.

2. Cystectomy

In more advanced cases of bladder cancer, cystectomy may be necessary. This procedure involves the removal of the entire bladder. For men, this may also include the removal of the prostate, while women may undergo the removal of their uterus and ovaries. Depending on the situation, a radical cystectomy may be performed, or a partial cystectomy may be an option when cancer is confined to a specific area.

After the bladder is removed, a urinary diversion procedure is performed to allow urine to pass out of the body. Options include the creation of a new bladder (neobladder) or an external bag (stoma).

3. Lymph Node Removal

In cases where cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, lymphadenectomy may be performed. This procedure involves the removal of lymph nodes to prevent further spread of cancer.

Non-Surgical Treatment for Bladder Cancer

In addition to surgery, several non-surgical treatments are available for managing bladder cancer. These treatments can be used in conjunction with surgery or as an alternative depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer.

1. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is often used for advanced bladder cancer to kill cancer cells. It can be given before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Intravesical chemotherapy, which involves delivering chemotherapy drugs directly into the bladder, is used for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. This treatment reduces the risk of recurrence.

2. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is becoming a leading treatment option for advanced bladder cancer. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a form of immunotherapy that is administered directly into the bladder to treat superficial cancer. For more advanced cases, checkpoint inhibitors such as atezolizumab and nivolumab are used to help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

3. Radiation Therapy

While not as commonly used as surgery or chemotherapy, radiation therapy is an option for patients who cannot undergo surgery. It uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells. Radiation may also be used after surgery to treat any remaining cancer cells or to relieve symptoms in advanced cases of bladder cancer.

4. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy involves drugs that target specific proteins or genes involved in the growth and spread of cancer. This treatment option is typically used for patients with advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. It works by blocking the growth signals that cancer cells rely on, which helps slow down or stop the growth of the tumor.

What Is the Best Treatment Option for You?

The right treatment plan for bladder cancer depends on several factors, including the cancer stage, type, and the patient’s overall health. The treatment options may include one or a combination of the following:

• Early-stage cancer: TURBT and intravesical chemotherapy.

• Advanced cancer: Cystectomy along with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy.

• Recurrence: Combination of surgical treatments and immunotherapy.

It is essential to work closely with a specialist like Dr. Puskar Shyam Chowdhury to assess your condition and choose the most effective treatment strategy tailored to your needs.

Conclusion

Bladder cancer treatment is multifaceted, offering both surgical and non-surgical options based on the cancer's stage and type. Whether you're considering TURBT for early-stage cancer, or more extensive procedures like cystectomy for advanced cases, working with an expert like Dr. Puskar Shyam Chowdhury can ensure the best possible outcomes. Non-surgical options such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy can also play a crucial role in managing bladder cancer effectively.

For a personalized treatment plan, it's crucial to consult with a medical professional who specializes in bladder cancer and can guide you through the right options for your case.